Distillation and Reflux

p115 in Continuing Chemistry

Alcohols and Optical Isomerism

We made (and named) the four isomers of butanol today. From this, we could see that there were two possible 3D structures for 2-butanol.

Optical isomers (enantiomers) have the same physical and chemical properties as each other, except for:

• rotate polarised light in opposite directions
• only one enantiomer occurs naturally
• they may have different chemical activity with other optically-active molecules

Reactions of Alcohols

The reactions of alcohols are very useful for identifying them. Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols all have different reactions with strong oxidants and with Lucas' Reagent.

Chloroalkanes and Amines

We met these last year, but there is some new content, and common mistakes that we need to be aware of:

We will be going over these in more detail in the next lesson.

Addition Polymerisation

Hydrocarbons

Today was the first day we looked at the two most common types of hydrocarbons: alkanes and alkenes.

We used some experiments to compare and contrast alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) and alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons).

Here are some videos from Year 12 Chemistry (2013) which should jog the memory banks:

Then, we looked at what happens when there are two possible products from addition reactions with alkenes:

Reaction Scheme

This is an overview of the main functional groups and how they are linked.

Introduction to Organic Chemistry

We started deciding which order to learn the Organic Chemistry, then went through some general rules regarding Nomenclature and Isomerism.